POLITENESS IN DOMESTIC VERBAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN INDONESIA
Abstract
Kesantunan berbahasa tidak hanya terjadi di dalam situasi resmi, normal, dan dalam komunikasi yang baik, tetapi juga dalam situasi tidak resmi, tidak normal, dan penutur dalam keadaan marah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas bentuk kesantunan berbahasa seseorang yang sedang marah. Data diperoleh di Sumatera Barat. Data dikumpulkan melalui mencatat, merekam, dan melakukan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan konsep kesantunan dan kekerasan verbal terhadap wanita. Hasil temuan dianalisis secara deskriptif yang ditambahi dengan beberapa tabel untuk menyajikan data tertentu. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa ada empat bentuk kesantunan di dalam kekerasan verbal domestik terhadap wanita, yaitu permintaan, penolakan, janji, dan ekpresif. Kesantunan dalam bentuk permintaan menjadi pola yang dominan, yaitu 37%. Hal demikian terjadi karena penutur menginginkan wanita atau istrinya melakukan apa yang mereka minta.
Kata kunci: kesantunan, kekerasan verbal, wanita, pragmatik, Indonesia
Politeness happens in good situations not only in regular dan formal conversations with the speaker, but also in non-formal and irregular conversation, and the speaker is in a bad situation. This article is, then, aimed at describing the forms of the politeness of the speakers who are in anger. The objective of the study is to identify the forms politeness in that verbal violence. The data were taken in Sumatera Barat. To obtain the data, the observational method with note-taking, recording, and interviewing was conducted. Fifteen women were being interviewed, and thirteen men (husband) from Sumatera Barat. The data were analyzed by using the concept of politeness (Oktavianus & Revita, 2013) and verbal violence against women (Cantwell, Farzanegan, & Khan, 2000). The result of the analysis is descriptively done in which some tables and charts were used to display the number of the occurrence of certain data. The percentage was also used. The findings pointed out that there were four forms of politeness in domestic verbal violence. They are politeness of 1) request; 2) refusal; 3) promise; and 4) expressiveness. Politeness of requests occurs most dominantly because the speakers wanted these women to do what they expected.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Allami, H., & Naeimi, A. (2011). A cross-linguistic study of refusals: An analysis of pragmatic competence development in Iranian EFL learners. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(1), 385–406.
Aydınoğlu, N. (2013). Politeness and Impoliteness Strategies: An Analysis of Gender Differences in Geralyn l. Horton’s Plays. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences.
Babu, B. V., & Kar, S. K. (2009). Domestic violence against women in eastern India: A population-based study on prevalence and related issues. BMC Public Health.
Cantwell, N., Farzanegan, M., & Khan, M. (2000). Domestic Violence Against Women and Girls. Innocenti Digest.
Culpeper, J. (2011). Impoliteness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dynel, M. (2015). The landscape of impoliteness research. Journal of Politeness Research, 11(2), 329–354.
Fetzer, A., & Osiho, E. (2011). Context and Contexts. Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Garcia-Moreno, C. (2001). Putting Women First: Ethical and Safety Recommendations for Research on Domestic Violence Against Women. World Health Organization.
Gunawan, F. (2013). Politeness strategy on request speech act in Bugis Kendari Language. Proceedings the 1st Internasional Seminar on Linguistics (ISOL 1), Postgraduate Program on Linguistics Andalas University and Linguistics Society of Indonesia Universitas Andalas.
Gunawan, F. (2017). Representasi Kesantunan Brown dan Levinson dalam Wacana Akademik. Kandai: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra.
Ilmiani, Dwi ; Wijayanto, Agus ; Hikmat, M. H. (2016). Politeness in Efl Refusals: The Comparison Between Indonesian and Thai Learners Of English. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional, 156–164.
Jeanyfer, & Tanto, T. (2018). Request Strategies in Indonesian: an Analysis of Politeness Phenomena in Text Messages. Journal of Language and Literature, 18(2), 132–137.
KOMNAS, P. (2019). Korban Bersuara, Data Bicara Sahkan RUU Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual sebagai Wujud Komitmen Negara: Catatan Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan.
Leech, G. (2007). Politeness: Is there an East-West divide? Journal of Politeness Research, 3(2), 137–206. https://doi.org/10.1515/PR.2007.009
Mills, S. (2009). Impoliteness in a cultural context. Journal of Pragmatics, 41(5), 1047–1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.10.014
Navies, A. . (2017). Pemikiran Minangkabau Catatan Budaya A.A Navies. Bandung: Angkasa.
Oktavianus, & Revita, I. (2013). Kesantunan Berbahasa (1st ed.). Padang: Minangkabau Press.
Revita, I. (2008). Permintaan dan Penolakan: Kajian Sosiopragmatik. Yogyakarta: UGM.
Revita, I. (2010). Konstruksi Tuturan Permintaan dalam Komunikasi via SMS. 2010. Padang: Andalas Univerity-UKM Malaysia.
Revita, I. (2018a). Kaleidoskop Linguistik (I, 2018). Padang: CV. Rumahkayu Pustaka Utama.
Revita, I. (2018b). Women Trafficking dalam Bingkai Sosiopragmatik.pdf (I, Juli 20). Padang: Visigraf.
Revita, I., Trioclarise, R., & Anggreiny, N. (2017). Politeness Strategies of The Panders in Women Trafficking. Buletin Al-Turas, XXIII(1), 191–210.
Revita, I., Trioclarise, R., & Anggreiny, N. (2018). Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga:Realitas Terkamuflase. Daun Lontar, 4(6), 2018.
Revita, I., Trioclarise, R., & Gunawan, F. (2017). Matrilineal System and The Activity of Women Trafficking In West Sumatera. 2Nd International Conference on Education, Science and Technology (ICEST). Atlantis Press.
Revita, I., Wekke, I. S., & Trioclarise, R. (2017). Empowering the Values of Minangkabau Local Wisdom in Preventing the Activity of Women Trafficking in West Sumatera. IIOP Conference, 3–6. USA: IOP Science.
Rosita Ambarwati, Joko Nurkamto, R. S. (2019). Phatic and Politeness on Women’s Communication in Facebook: Humanistic Teaching Perspective of Being Polite in Social Media. IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 4(1), 95–108.
Sokoloff, N. J., & Dupont, I. (2005). Domestic violence at the intersections of race, class, and gender: Challenges and contributions to understanding violence against marginalized women in diverse communities. Violence Against Women.
Sudaryanto. (2015). Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University Press.
Trihadmono, Eko Joko, Djatmika Djatmika, Sumarlam Sumarlam, J. N. (2019). Politeness Strategies: Negotiation in Procurement Services of Traditional Entertainments. IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 3(2), 335–356.
Watts, C., & Zimmerman, C. (2002). Violence against women: Global scope and magnitude. Lancet.
Wolak, Janis; Mitchell, Kimberly; Finkelhor, D. (2004). Methodology Report: National Juvenile Online Victimization Study, Revised 9/04. Online, 1–14.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.