Analisis Wacana Kritis Upaya Privatisasi dan Komersialisasi Mata Air dalam Surat Permohonan Izin Pengusahaan Air

Yusup Irawan, Hestiyana Hestiyana

Abstract


This qualitative study aims to describe linguistic signs and reveal the ideology contained in CV. STB’letter for water exploitation to policy makers in West Bandung Regency. This research uses Halliday’s (1995) transitivity analysis and Fairclough's (1995) critical discourse analysis. At the linguistic analysis, it was identified that the material process transivity is most often used by CV. STB for positive imaging. At the interpretation analysis, it was identified that CV. STB as the applicant for water exploitation (1) claiming to have the obligation to exploit water which is marked by the relasional verb process, (2) self-image with a social spirit which is marked by the material verb process, and (3) self-image as a humble applicant with linguistic signs of mental processes. At the explanation stage, it was revealed that CV. STB has the ideology that (1) the water resources in the soil itself are privately owned, (2) the water concession permit will be issued if CV. STB makes "benevolence" to the community and (3) needs to create community dependence for hegemony over water resources. The implication of this research is that the privatization and commercialization of natural resources in this context is built with the practice of imaging discourse. Therefore, policy holders must be careful in granting water concession permits and the affected communities must also be critical.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tanda-tanda linguistik dan mengungkapkan ideologi yang terkandung dalam sebuah surat permohonan pengusahaan air CV. STB kepada para pengambil kebijakan di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Penelitian menggunakan kajian analisis transitivitas (Halliday, 1994) dan analisis wacana kritis model Fairclough (1995). Pada tahapan analisis linguistik, teridentifikasi bahwa transitivitas proses material paling sering digunakan oleh CV. STB untuk pencitraan positif. Pada tahapan interpretasi, teridentifikasi bahwa CV. STB sebagai pemohon pengusahaan air (1) mengklaim memiliki kewajiban mengeksploitasi air yg ditandai proses verba relasional, (2) mencitrakan diri berjiwa sosial yang ditandai dengan proses verba material, dan (3) mencitrakan diri sebagai pemohon yang merendah dengan tanda linguistik proses mental. Pada tahapan eksplanasi, terungkap bahwa CV. STB memiliki ideologi bahwa (1) sumber daya air dalam tanah sendiri adalah milik pribadi, (2) izin pengusahaan air akan keluar jika CV. STB membuat “kebajikan” kepada masyarakat, dan (3) perlu menciptakan ketergantungan masyarakat untuk menghegemoni sumber daya air. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah privatisasi dan komersialisasi sumber daya air dalam konteks ini dibangun dengan praktik wacana pencitraan. Oleh karena itu, pemegang kebijakan harus berhati-hati dalam memberikan izin pengusahaan air dan masyarakat yang terdampak pun harus bersikap kritis.  


Keywords


critical discourse analysis; Fairclough; privatization of water resources

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v34i2.990.167--180

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