TRANSMISI MEMORI PERISTIWA 1965 DALAM NOVEL PULANG DAN AMBA/THE 1965 MEMORY TRANSMISSION IN PULANG AND AMBA NOVEL
Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan transmisi memori peristiwa 65 dari generasi pertama ke post-generasi dalam karya sastra. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yakni deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian postmemory Marianne Hirch. Sumber data penelitian adalah novel Pulang karya Leila S. Chudori dan Amba karya Laksmi Pamuntjak. Data penelitiannya adalah frasa, kalimat, atau paragraf yang merepresentasikan gambaran generasi pertama dan post-generasi, proses transmisi memori, dan rekonstruksi memori. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik interaktif, yaitu dengan cara reduksi data, sajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat tiga generasi dalam proses transmisi memori, yaitu generasi pertama sebagai tokoh yang mengalami peristiwa 65 secara langsung, generasi 1.5 dan kedua sebagai penerima transmisi memori; (2) familial postmemory dilakukan melalui garis keturunan keluarga dan afiliative postmemory melalui buku, museum, foto, surat pribadi, dokumen sejarah, dan narasi yang berkembang di masyarakat; (3) konstruksi memori oleh tokoh post-generasi yang diwujudkan dengan penerimaan maupun penolakan. Penerimaan memunculkan rasa trauma, was-was, atau perubahan identitas yang mirip dengan generasi pertama. Sementara itu, sikap penolakan menempatkan cerita sebagai mitos yang sudah kedaluwarsa.
Kata kunci: post-memori, generasi pertama, post-generasi, peristiwa 65
Abstract
This study aims to explain the memory transmission of events from the first generation to the post-generation in literary works. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. This research is a postmemory study of Marianne Hirch. The source of the research data is the novel Pulang by Leila S. Schudori and Amba by Laksmi Pamuntjak. The research data are phrases, sentences, or paragraphs that represent first-generation and post-generation descriptions, memory transmission processes, and memory reconstruction. The data analysis technique used interactive techniques, namely by way of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are (1) there are three generations in the memory transmission process, namely the first generation as a character who experiences events directly, the 1.5 generation and the second as a memory transmission receiver; (2) familial postmemory is carried out through family lineages and affiliative postmemory through books, museums, photos, personal letters, historical documents, and narratives that develop in society; (3) memory construction by postgeneration figures which is realized by acceptance or rejection. Acceptance creates a sense of trauma, anxiety, or a change of identity similar to that of the first generation. Meanwhile, the attitude of rejection places the story as an outdated myth.
Keywords: postmemory, first generation, post-generation, event 65
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v33i1.565.71-82
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